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• Group data into entities by applying normalization rules.
• Identify primary keys.
• Choose the foreign key that will enforce a relationship between entities and that will ensure referential integrity.
• Identify the business rules that relate to data integrity.
• Incorporate business rules and constraints into the data model.
• In a given situation, decide whether denormalization is appropriate.

Deriving the Physical Design

• Assess the potential impact of the logical design on performance, maintainability, extensibility, scalability, availability, and security.

Creating Data Services

• Access data by using the dynamic SQL model.
• Access data by using the stored procedure model.
• Manipulate data by using Transact-SQL cursors.
  • Choose the appropriate type of cursor.
  • Define the appropriate level of sensitivity to change.
  • Choose the appropriate navigation.
  • Choose the scope of the cursor, specifically global or local.
• Create and manage explicit, implicit, and distributed transactions to ensure data consistency and recoverability.
  • Define the transaction isolation level.
  • Design transactions of appropriate length.
  • Avoid or handle deadlocks.
  • Use optimistic locking appropriately.
  • Implement error handling by using @@trancount.
• Write INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, and SELECT statements that retrieve and modify data.
• Write Transact-SQL statements that use joins or subqueries to combine data from multiple tables.
• Create scripts by using Transact-SQL. Programming elements include control-of-flow techniques, local and global variables, functions, and error handling techniques.
• Design, create, use, and alter views.
  • Modify data through a view.
  • Query data through a view.
• Create and execute stored procedures to enforce business rules, to modify data in multiple tables, to perform calculations, and to use input and output parameters.
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